Mittwoch, 13. April 2016

Appendix 4: Journey’s End: about the adventure of “reading” “The Hobbit” after „The Battle of the Five Armies“, part 2 (About what you need to win a battle)



Of course, quite like my attitude of denial in the beginning, the perpetual worrying wasn’t completely unintentional. Imagine the worst, and there is a fair chance that it will turn out better. As it did: so much better than I could possibly have imagined. They really surprised me – as much as they surprised me with the first film. The main reason for this I had always anticipated because I had always appreciated the genius casting they had done on the Tolkien films. They really employed the best people on every job to be done for these films, and this is, of course, why they are so good. And the writing is genius, as it always has been. But the most important thing that would decide the fate of the films, in the end, they probably knew best. They knew what the most precious material is these films are made of: great actors. As much as I had noted and admired the genius casting for the “Lord of the Rings” films, I think in “The Hobbit” they surpassed themselves. Of course it was an unbelievable stroke of luck as well that an actor like Martin Freeman EXISTED to play the hobbit. And it says a lot about priorities that they arranged the shooting in a way that he was able to go home and shoot “Sherlock” for three months, rather than trying someone else!

As, after this, I will be singing the praise of only two actors for probably quite a long time, this is the moment to be finally grateful. Grateful for my two favourite dwarves, Balin and Dwalin, the “Scottish” brothers, played by Ken Stott and Graham McTavish so brilliantly. Special thanks to Ken Stott for making me ALMOST cry! And Dean O’Gorman shows great promise as an actor. Although he has always to “stand down” for Aidan Turner you can see how rather “dwarvish” he is, in these few moments we see him. Thanks to him for making “us” have at least a glimpse of what I expected Fíli and Kíli to be from the book! And I am grateful for Evangeline Lily who, although she is mainly employed as an action figure, made me think about elves TWICE, and maybe understand them better. She became my favourite elf, apart from Cate Blanchett as Galadriel. And I think elves are actually the most difficult “to do”. (And of course she looks great!) - Another very special elf, totally different from what we were used to, was Lee Pace as Thranduil. It took a while for him to convince me that he was “genuine”, but he came finally out great in “The Battle of the Five Armies” as this important and rather sinister war-lord. And Luke Evans as Bard is really good as well. He does everything exactly right and beautifully. And of course there are more ... as Ian McKellen and Andy Serkis, and, of course, Cate Blanchett, whom I almost forgot because they have already been in the “Rings films”. They simply couldn’t have done without them! And, how could I forget: Benedict Cumberbatch who knew he would play a dragon as nobody had ever done before. And lots of others still who had a bigger or smaller part in saving the films from insignificance. Best comes last, of course: Thanks to Martin Freeman and Richard Armitage for saving the films, full stop! And I offer my apologies in case I had doubted THEM!

I’d like to say that I hadn’t, but it isn’t that simple. Well, I certainly never doubted Martin Freeman for a second. It was just obvious that Bilbo was always going to “work” and be great. And that the actor would be able to carry off his story successfully, even splendidly, although it might have been drowned partly in the “noise”. And if THAT story worked the films would basically be okay. Even if they wouldn’t be as great as “The Lord of the Rings” there would be a lot of things to enjoy. I remember now that, in the first place, I hadn’t been worried about the dwarves. I had been worried about “who” Bilbo would be. But after that first scene between Bilbo and Gandalf the issue was determined. Great, everything will be fine, now I can safely enjoy the dwarves coming to Bag End … And this may be strange to say, but he was so good that I actually “forgot” about him for quite a long while and had my focus entirely on the dwarves. So it was a great thing, by the time I really began to watch the acting, to discover what an unbelievable “job” Bilbo has been. I am sure that I have never before seen an actor with so much variety, depth, and precision in his facial expression. As one of his colleagues said, I think it was Ian McKellen, who is such a great actor himself, and who was surprised at this “new” kind of acting: You actually can see on his face that he is thinking two different things at the same time. And you even know what they are. - Well, even if you don’t care that much about the films: it is just a pleasure to watch!

(I have to make a kind of footnote here which I rather regret because of the way it might reflect on what I have just written. But to praise what somebody else has done doesn’t cast a shadow on any other achievements. There are just so many great British actors … Of course I had seen it before! I had seen somebody do exactly the same thing before, but you don’t see “him” in the film doing it. It was Andy Serkis as Gollum. Now I think it is so great that the most enjoyable, maybe even the most perfect appearance of Gollum is actually in “The Hobbit”. And, the ultimate climax: seeing both of these actors together in that scene!)

I must now appear to have lost my thread for a while longer because there is one important preliminary thing to discuss. I’ll introduce it with something Richard Armitage said in his interview for the documentation of “An Unexpected Journey”. It was the one of the many funny or remarkable things he said that made me laugh longest – although it probably wasn’t intended to be funny. He said that doing the first read-through of the script had been difficult for him because he didn’t have Thorin’s voice yet – and because he thought they might ask themselves why they had picked this BRITISH actor for the part. – In case he hasn’t done the counting himself, I’ll do it for him, as far as I can: Out of the 37 most significant characters 20 are played by actors I know are British, 14 are played by actors I know aren’t British, and about three I couldn’t find out. So, there were well over 50 percent British actors employed on these films anyway, and if you add “weight” to the count the scale would even be tipped a good deal more in favour of the Brits because most of the leading characters – as Bilbo, Gandalf, Thorin, Smaug, and Bard – are played by British actors. How come?

(And even though they were so proud to have cast over 50 percent New Zealanders for the dwarves, it is tell-tale that, apart from the “sons of Durin” (Thorin, Fíli and Kíli), only the three amazing Brits, Ken Stott, Graham McTavish, and James Nesbit, have virtually any lines to say …)

There are certainly a number of reasons for this, first of all that British actors are “predestined” to speak “decent” English – which is rather important in this kind of film. The other obvious reason is that there are SO MANY great and really DIFFERENT British actors, for which, in turn, there are probably two main reasons. The first being something like Darwin’s law of the diversification of species and the survival of the fittest, the second the theatre tradition, and Shakespeare. I suppose that my explanation why I think working in the theatre, and especially “on” Shakespeare, makes them better actors will appear strange to actors because I know nothing whatsoever about acting (…)

This, of course, is still true, but in the meantime I had a “theoretical” workshop on “Playing Shakespeare” (which is an amazing program with members of the RSC broadcasted in the early eighties.). And I think most of what they say, apart from comparatively insignificant progress – as not to say things like “conclus-i-on” or “oce-an” any more, which is absolutely unnecessary and hugely distracting! – still constitutes the main points about playing Shakespeare nowadays. And I was enormously pleased that these were EXACTLY THE SAME THINGS that I tried to explain awkwardly and never managed because I didn’t have the actor’s perspective on it. First of all, that, as there were no directors in our sense in the Elizabethan Theatre, and practically no rehearsals, there was either a tradition of how all of this was done conventionally, or, in the case of Shakespeare, who was probably hugely unconventional to a point that he “invented” the “naturalistic” acting style which kind of developed into the 21st century, the directions had to be written INTO THE TEXT. So the first and most important thing is that Shakespeare’s text is so rich in everything you need for your acting that actors largely learn the right kind of acting “automatically” from rehearsing Shakespeare’s plays. (Many significant British actors haven’t even played a substantial Shakespearean character on the stage, but I guess that many of them, like Richard Armitage, use some of these characters like musicians use études, to “bring out” something they need for playing a character to perfection. Or even use their experience in “reading Shakespeare” much more than their personal experience to determine what a certain character should be like.) - Most of this I had actually found out for myself by watching the CHANGES the text undergoes when I am reading it aloud instead of “just in my head”, and when I am trying to imagine how it may be acted – which sometimes happens “automatically” – and, of course, by seeing it acted. Because then you realize what a treasure of possibilities can be found in this text, and nothing like the only way of doing it. Which is what makes actors better actors than others who don’t have this scope of imagination. And who don’t have this tradition of acting in a way that they trust what is in the language, and the text, and the story, and the intense interaction with other characters (which I consider to be vital “in” Shakespeare and miss most of the time). So they don’t have to rely only on what is in their own imagination and experience – which always is poor, compared to the possibilities contained in a great story, and, in certain cases, might yield nothing at all. And one of the reasons why “The Hobbit” finally works better as a film than “The Lord of the Rings” is certainly that they had this kind of actors for every major character (but one), and that there is no “fuzziness” and insignificance at any point. Which is so incredibly important for THIS KIND of characters that have to be totally SPECIFIC and ABOUT TEN TIMES LARGER THAN LIFE. There are two great examples for direct comparison about what I just said, which are Elijah Wood as Frodo (who was really good, by the way!) and Martin Freeman as Bilbo, and, for an elf-character: Liv Tyler as Arwen (who was basically one of the ONLY three cases where they cast insignificant actors for significant parts in these films) and Evangeline Lily (who is Canadian but certainly “theatre-proof”) as Tauriel (a character that doesn’t exist in the book, but I am so grateful they invented her because she kind of “repaired” the first “fuck-up” about the elves.) It is this kind of brilliance, exactness, and variety that these actors have, which “bring out” these characters exactly as to what an elf and a hobbit ARE ABOUT. And it is not mainly in the way they look, or their general state of mind, or how they grew up as individuals, or whatever. It is all in THE STORY, in what happens to them and how they deal with it, and, in this special case, the larger HISTORY of their people.

The other two “fuck-ups” were in my opinion David Wenham as Faramir in “The Lord of the Rings” and – as I am sorry to say because I know my readers will disagree (if I haven’t lost them already anyway) – Aidan Turner (who – as I am grieved to say - is a British actor!) as Kíli. But I examined this again, and there is in fact exactly one scene where he convinced me of being this character, which is his first scene when they enter Bilbo’s house. After that I “lost him”. And I am even sorry because he probably isn’t a “bad” actor. He is just not the kind of actor that works in this “environment”. In many films, especially contemporary, you get away with the kind of actors that have become actors because they are good-looking and confident, or they are even exactly what you need when they “fit” the character. And the main reason I am writing this – though I probably have an axe to grind as well for him damaging the great work of other actors in at least two scenes because of his insignificant acting – is that it is such great “negative proof” for the SIGNIFICANCE of these films. As no other fuck-up, which certainly has happened on a project of these dimensions, or stupid, unnecessary deviation from the book, which happened as well, could damage the films for me as much as THIS did.

A kind of synopsis for what I was trying to state still very awkwardly about theatre and Shakespeare is what Richard Armitage said about playing Thorin, which is in the documentation of “An Unexpected Journey” as well. He said that Peter Jackson always had this great vision about Thorin that he himself “couldn’t quite see”. Well, IN THE END we all saw it, I suppose! And for this, in my opinion, it was not at all unimportant that, to get there, there were still so many unknown heights and depths to explore.

And there is another reason, besides “quality” why there are so many British actors on these films. Which I’d call “variety” or “scope”, and which appears to be brought about in a similar way as variety in nature, according to Darwin’s law of the diversification of species and the survival of the fittest. Because as there are already so many great and exceptionally skilled actors “on that patch”, actors, like species, probably tend to “diversify”. That is, they “develop” special features that will enable them to “fit” into a certain slot stories provide quite often or regularly. This is the original meaning of “survival of the FITTEST” (notwithstanding some of the actors demonstrating great pride of their physical fitness in the specials to “The Hobbit”, and rightfully so!): It is about which individual fits best into one of the divers slots nature provides. But nature, not unlike what we call “luck”, tends to be a bit of a bitch most of the time, with a will of her own. I suppose that Martin Freeman already had rather a long carrier as a comic actor of the kind that is funny through being rather serious and endearing, and just slightly ridiculous. He certainly had a large British audience on “The Office”, but I, like most people who don’t usually watch British television, first saw him in “Love actually” with a rather tiny story. Then, about ten years later, he suddenly “emerges”, almost at the same time, as Dr. Watson in “Sherlock” – which is “just” a BBC series, but very successful and of the kind that acquires a large international audience – and as the lead in a major feature film: “The Hobbit”. It appears that his “slot” had just been opened big time, as the two stories are “structurally” alike: At the core they are about the friendship of two very different individuals, one of them being rather “normal” – somebody we would understand and probably like if we met him in the real world, but not think him to be very special. The other being rather important and special, but, most of the time, rather difficult to deal with, if not a real pain in the ass. They are both structurally identical stories which require two actors with the same “special features”, basically, but very different nonetheless.

One of the important features for both Dr. Watson and Bilbo Baggins was that Martin Freeman is “so very English”. They use that in “Sherlock” – as Conan Doyle did - by constantly showing how the typical Englishman would react to somebody as eccentric and weird as Sherlock. And I suppose that came to Martin Freeman quite naturally. In “The Hobbit” it is even more essential because this is the reason why Tolkien knew so well what “a hobbit” was, even when he wrote that first sentence of his book. Because a hobbit is the “essentially English”. Everything he loved about his countrymen, and found, sometimes at the same time, a little ridiculous – or even at least as ridiculous as endearing. (Whereas he knew nothing yet about elves – compared to what he intended them to be in the “Lord of the Rings” – nor dwarves, for that matter. This is why I love the little paragraph at the beginning of the twelfth chapter (out of nineteen!) of “The Hobbit” where the narrator suddenly feels the need to explain what kind of people dwarves are supposed to be: “Dwarves are not heroes, but calculating folk …” As if to say: Well, they are exactly the kind of people you know and don’t like so very much.) Of course I know that Martin Freeman, apart from being a small, very English guy, is essentially a great, outstandingly intelligent actor. Which is finally much more decisive for playing Bilbo than his personal features. But in this case they came in handy as well. 

With Thorin it had always been more complicated and less obvious. As I had never tried to imagine the dwarves I wasn’t really surprised at the difference between the character in the film and the grumpy old dwarf in the book. But I felt that, choosing this actor, they had done something rather interesting and daring. I approved, even more than that, but nonetheless was watching rather suspiciously, always feeling that I was in for more, maybe even unpleasant, surprises. And not before Thorin’s death in “The Battle of the Five Armies” was I able to understand that this was exactly as it should be. This was exactly what “they” had in mind for this character. Quite unlike what was intended for Mr. Baggins, in his case nothing was supposed to be “natural” or obvious. Of course nothing ever is, but there was little doubt about how Bilbo was to be played, and would be. Whereas Richard Armitage’s unease concerning the read-through is quite understandable. Even if he himself was probably convinced that he would do a great job he knew he still had a lot to prove. And as long as he didn’t fully understand WHO Thorin was supposed to be he couldn’t be certain himself why they had chosen him for that job. And, as it turned out, THIS was the most ingenious choice they have ever made. Maybe with the exception of Viggo Mortensen as Aragorn in the “Rings films”. I remember myself thinking when I saw him for the first time: This guy cannot be Aragorn! There are a few parallels in fact which I cannot explore here, but in both cases I noticed that I hadn’t liked any of these characters in the books, nor had been able to imagine them at all, but had felt that what they would do with them would be crucial for the films to turn out right. And then, I do not think a long time before I was far into the second film of “The Lord of the Rings”, I was just totally amazed at what I saw. Actually, I think, they are both very different actors, but with a similar attitude towards their work, what it means to them, and, accordingly, a similar level of focus and energy in their acting. And that was exactly what was needed here: somebody to take this difficult task EVEN MORE seriously.

There were some obvious features in the case of Richard Armitage as well, one of them being that he stands rather tall. Which appears funny to say of somebody playing a dwarf! I had a laugh noticing who he was for the first time when I saw an interview with him and he literally tried to “fold” his long frame into the interview chair. In fact THIS was the one of his physical features that proved ideal for playing Thorin, especially in relation with Martin Freeman who is rather short. It sets both of them off beautifully, and they never had to worry here about the intended difference in height between a dwarf and a hobbit. But there is a psychological dimension to “standing tall” which became much more important. It is best explained through another character who is in each of the six Tolkien films: Cate Blanchett as Galadriel. Physically she doesn’t stand tall at all, but, although in her case they have to use “tricks” to make her look taller, the main thing is a personal feature which is a natural authority much beyond any usual level. This is what makes her so convincing as an elf, in fact makes her “be” Galadriel in the same sense that Ian McKellen actually IS Gandalf. And that means a character that is UNIQUE and a lot “larger than life”. And even if height and beauty may be a big help, it is natural authority that makes people stand as tall as they do. (And this “feature” was in fact the main reason why they chose Richard Armitage to play Thorin, as Philippa Boyens (“chief” writer on “The Hobbit”) stated on behalf of casting the dwarves in the “specials” to the first film.)

But standing tall might not always be an advantage for an actor because it is a “special feature” that is not often needed, or might even get in the way, in the usual kind of “naturalistic” context. Maybe some of the pride and delight you can see on Richard Armitage’s face when he is interviewed about “North and South” is due to the liberating experience of finally being able to play a character of this “epic” format he clearly is “made for”. Because in some of the tv productions he had been in before he appears to be slightly “out of place”, trying to “fit into” a character that is a great deal smaller than he is, in real life. And now, finally, eight years after “North and South”, he gets the chance to play the dwarf Thorin, who is in fact a proper epic “hero figure” and great battle commander. And for once he is EXACTLY the right size for it.

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