This
will be a chapter dealing exclusively with ETHICAL CATEGORIES. I was very
surprised to discover that “ethics” had become so important and that it “came
in” so early. In fact, it had been an issue from the beginning but I NOTICED
“ethics” much later than “aesthetics”, and that was not at all a coincidence.
In fact,
ethical concerns pitched in as soon as I took note of the fact that Richard
Armitage was in this series, and that I probably HAD to watch it. And, even
though I have arrived at a place where I don’t understand the “probably” of it
anymore, IN THE BEGINNING it had definitely been there. Maybe just for about
five minutes, but these five minutes contained a very strong reaction of
denial. Part of this reaction was ethical, and I WANTED to get rid of it
already then. So, this blog will be about “ETHICS BECOMING AESTHETICS”, a quote
which Hannibal uses as I would say cynically – though for him there is no cynicism
involved, I am sure. But I’ll start with a synopsis of what I have written
about the beginning of my reading.
I
noticed that the categories of PERFORMING ARTIST and GENRE are tremendously
important in my case for choosing texts for reading, but have also an impact on
the reading itself in multiple ways. What I noticed about it was that from
these categories arose more than one conflict of interest which informed the
reading as well as made me realize how much, and in what way, I am influenced
by them. Considering its being horror, I shouldn’t have “read” it at all, but I
was lured by two of the performing artists. And this was further complicated by
what FORMAT entails. Considering its being a series I should definitely have
watched it from the beginning. With some series (for example “The Spooks” or
“Dr. Who”) it doesn’t really matter where you start because they just reproduce
the same patterns over and over again. But in others, like “House of Cards” or
“Hannibal”, there is a REAL development as to what happens with these
characters. Most of them don’t make any sense if you don’t know where they come
from. But I couldn’t predict if I would want to buy the first season BECAUSE it
is horror.
Not
watching it from the beginning had a tremendous impact on HOW I was watching it
because I couldn’t properly apply most of the categories we use for making a
text consistent, (basically: CHARACTERS
and STORY). The outcome was that I applied almost exclusively AESTHETICAL
categories – which I came to realize was as much for pleasure as for self-protection,
maybe even more so.
This is
already the NEGATIVE part of “ethics becoming aesthetics” which I realized and
applied from the beginning even though I wasn’t aware of it. There is this kind
of gut-reaction to horror which I have, and which makes me want to protect
myself from it, and that was part of what made me angry a first – that I would
HAVE to watch it! But it is NOT an ethical reaction. I noticed here that there
are lots of “objects” we kind of select or discard when we are reading – or
decide if we want to read something – which, in the first place, cannot be
subsumed under any categories. For example, the “real” person of an actor, or
anything at all we particularly like to see on screen, or dislike or abhor. And
they are of course tremendously important for what we read, and how we are reading
it. For example actors I like or dislike for which part of the story catches my
interest, or even how I am disposed towards certain characters. But,
disregarding the fact that this would be impossible, it would be ludicrous to
make a “catalogue” of these objects, even just for one text – though a statistical
survey of them might be tremendously interesting for film-makers, producers,
and so on … But they probably don’t need it. These objects and “elementary”
reactions – of dislike, pleasure, or fear – are neither ethical nor
aesthetical, nor can be subsumed under any category whatsoever in the first
place. But they are the “material” the text is “made” of. (And, by the way,
proof of HOW MUCH the text “belongs” to the reader, even though other people
have made it.) These reactions AS SUCH are neither ethical nor aesthetical but
can become so, or almost inevitably will, if the context is “strong” enough. Many
of them we could probably deduce from what we NEVER see in “mainstream” films or
series. For example, “average” or old people having sex. It just doesn’t sell,
I suppose. As I never see it, I don’t know how much I would want to look away,
but I remember the few instances of seeing an old or overweight person being
naked on screen. And, quite unlike when I see a perfect naked body on screen,
there was always a very strong reaction of being thrilled, much stronger and
ultimately more pleasant than the “mild” pleasure I definitely experience
seeing a perfect naked body. And this is because I realize that it is a strong
AESTHETICAL statement to which I HAVE to react. So, seeing an “ugly” person
being naked ultimately gave me much more pleasure, and these few moments
definitely stayed with me. And this kind of experience should have told me already
that I might be WRONG about horror. Not about my gut-reaction – which I already
knew was less about seeing blood than about being frightened – but about seeing
horror MERELY as an ethical phenomenon. I was - and probably still am! - of the
opinion that horror is nothing “we” should play with. Brian Fuller said that he
doesn’t find rape the least bit entertaining, so he didn’t use these parts from
the book. I totally agree with him about that! But I probably STILL feel the
same about killing, violence, and mutilation … So I obviously shouldn’t have
watched this in the first place!!!
There
definitely was an ethical statement that I am reluctant to reverse completely.
But I wasn’t really aware of the aesthetical potential which might be there,
and I think I even knew that. At least I TRUSTED Richard Armitage and Mads
Mikkelsen of not becoming involved with something AESTHETICALLY IRRELEVANT. And
this is, in a way, the cynical connotation of “ethics becoming aesthetics” –
and one of the reasons I wasn’t that unhappy about “Standards and Practices”:
There is NOTHING we are not allowed to play with IF it leads to something
beautiful. “Beautiful” being deliberately misleading, in this case. What I
realized here, more than ever before, is that “aesthetics”, in my case, is much
less about beauty than about the pleasure I experience when I “play”. So,
basically, about having fun. But, like “beauty”, “pleasure” and “fun” are
obviously debatable categories where “Hannibal” is concerned. Even something
like the social worker inside the horse wasn’t “just” entertaining … What gave
me so much pleasure was probably the “debate”.
But even
though this was the cynical connotation I attached to “ethics becoming
aesthetics”: aesthetics somehow “winning” all the time, it is NOT what it
means. Maybe I don’t even know what it means, but what it turned out to mean
FOR ME is certainly something like what I experienced watching “Hannibal” all
the time, and which was partly disagreeable, and probably a huge part of the
fun as well: ethics somehow interacting with aesthetics. “Trying” to become
aesthetics in a way, and never completely succeeding. It DOES mean that “aesthetics”
can overrule “ethics”, even obliterate it, but, at the same time, that ethical
concerns are ALWAYS there. And they have to be because this is where “we” come
into the text AS HUMAN BEINGS. If they were not there, and if they were not
felt to be important, there wouldn’t be a “debate”.
And,
just now, reading a book about the Globe Theatre and the beginnings of public
theatre in London, made me more aware that it hasn’t always been like this. That
aesthetics was supposed to overrule ethics. When “art” had to struggle for its
place in society, together with other “unethical” occupations like bear-baiting
and cock-fighting, people were well aware that it was ABOUT all the things that
we don’t talk about in an everyday context, everything that gets buried, and,
in the eyes of the “time”, SHOULD BE. And of course this appears ridiculous to
us now – but I don’t think that it should. Even though I tend to be cynical
about ethics in a fictional context I was very aware of people making ethical
statements on “Hannibal” from the beginning. I always like it, and am thrilled,
when people DARE to have and voice personal reactions “against” a text. Like my
friend saying that she was SCARED of the “absolute evil” – which actually
HELPED me to see something which I was too naïve to see for quite some time,
being overwhelmed by beauty … I remember thinking: THIS is what I actually
SHOULD be scared of! Not least because it implies taking Hannibal seriously –
which is something that Mads Mikkelsen’s performance definitely DESERVES. IF
you decide as an actor to do something like this you do it RIGHT! - But I am
still not sure if I really DARED achieve this. I mean, taking him THAT
seriously.
It meant
as well that I was feeling very lonely reading “Hannibal”, and this is even
something I like. Which is some kind of hubris, I know, but the main reason is
that I don’t really like the kind of people I SUSPECT of enjoying the series. I
rather like people who have – or think they SHOULD have and display! – ethical
reactions. (As it happens, I probably dislike hubris in other people more than
in myself …)
And of
course I liked Richard Armitage’s statement about being relieved not to have to
“perform” the murders himself. I even just realize that he hit EXACTLY the
point that I am struggling with. As I have certainly written already, I am infinitely
grateful for actors who “let us in” on the relationship they had with their
character. And, not surprisingly, some actors obviously thrive on having a
strong emotional tie with their characters, which in this case was being moved
by Francis Dolarhyde’s AESTHETICAL approach to what he does. This would of
course be something an artist can strongly relate to, and, as I realize now,
was exactly how I “approached” the character from the beginning – because the “artistic”
part of him is displayed so impressively from the beginning. And I can still “prove” this, going back to
the part from my blog where I wrote down my first reaction to Richard
Armitage’s performance!
And this
might even be the essence, and the most impressive example, of what Hannibal sees
in serial killers. That they don’t just “suffer” their miserable life, but that
they are compelled to become creative, to make a statement, and, in this
instance, achieve to create something that actually IS beautiful. But, what is
EQUALLY important, Richard Armitage kind of took this back immediately, saying
that, “of course” what he does is “corrupt at the roots”. And, not for the
first time, I am impressed by the preciseness of this statement because
“corrupt AT THE ROOTS” isn’t just taking a step back. It’s a NO GO! - And I am
getting even more thrilled when, analyzing this, I realize that I had EXACTLY
THE SAME ethical reaction concerning Francis Dolarhyde though I didn’t realize
that it was ethical. (The interesting part about it not being that I “had” it –
which is probably quite normal – but that I was “performing” it when I was
reading!) I indirectly stated it in my blog when I wrote about Reba kind of
“complaining” that Francis Dolarhyde had used her. And the interesting thing
was that my recollection of this scene, having seen it for the first time, was
completely different from what it actually was about. I rather picked up a
connotation about something that was important FOR ME and enabled me to put me
into her shoes and distance myself from the seduction. I usually dislike doing
something like this, “changing’” the text for my own ends, so I noticed it with
displeasure. But, not for the first time, being at fault became relevant. So,
THIS really worked!
And it
works exactly BECAUSE this conflict between ethics and aesthetics cannot be
removed. It will always be there and, even if it can become sad, or difficult
and disagreeable, it will always make beauty more relevant, and, maybe even as
often, ethical issues more seductive. So, at least for me, “ethics becoming
aesthetics” is about making ethics - which has probably always been something
we feel has to be left in the cloakroom when we enter the theatre – “adaptable”
and relevant within an aesthetical context. And the successful application of
this principle within the series in my eyes makes it extremely successful as a
work of art – which is of course debatable and kind of slippery as to where we
personally draw the line on ethics. I never “finished” it, it became kind of an
“open debate”. But, maybe even BECAUSE of this, it worked in a way that
definitely beat the bullshit.